Question

What is the principle and drive mode of stepper motor? Structure and working principle of stepper motor What are the driving methods of stepper motor?

Comments

How much do you know about the application principle of stepper motor?

Answer 1

Stepper motor drive principle

4-phase 5-wire stepper motors are generally powered by unipolar DC power supply.

The working principle of the stepper motor is to drive the stepper motor to rotate by energizing different electromagnets and attracting the magnets in the middle to rotate. The way to power on is to output the level difference through the pin of the single-chip microcomputer.

As long as the windings of each phase of the stepper motor are energized in the appropriate timing, the stepper motor can be turned on step by step.

The working method of the stepper motor: four-beat drive, eight-beat drive.

Four-beat drive: This is the simplest stepper motor drive method. In the four-beat mode, the motor has only one coil on at each instant. The magnet rotates 90 degrees at a time.

Answer 2

Hello everyone, I am a PLC stepper motor engineer, what is the principle and driving mode of stepper motor for you?

Today, I mainly share with you the knowledge of the original and driving method of stepper motor.

What is a stepper motor?

Stepper motor is an open-loop control motor that converts the electrical pulse signal into angular displacement or line displacement, also known as pulse motor. In the case of non-overload, the speed of the motor and the position of the stop only depend on the frequency and number of pulses of the pulse signal, and are not affected by the load change. When the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it can drive the stepper motor to rotate a fixed angle in the set direction, called the "step angle".

The rotation of the stepper motor is run step by step at a fixed angle, and the angular displacement can be controlled by controlling the number of pulses, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning, and at the same time, the speed and acceleration of the motor rotation can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency, so as to achieve the purpose of speed regulation. Stepper motors are mostly used in peripheral devices for digital computers, as well as printers, plotters and disks.

Answer 3

The operating mode of the stepper motor

The basic operating mode of the stepper motor is called "excitation mode", which can make the stepper motor work in full-step mode, half-step mode and micro-step mode, of which the microstep mode can effectively reduce the noise of the phase current of the stepper motor and improve the inherent noise vibration problem of the stepper motor.

Stepper motor control drives:

The stepper motor can not be directly connected to the power frequency AC or DC power supply to work, but must use a special stepper motor driver, which has pulse generation control unit, power drive unit, protection unit, etc.

Answer 4

The output current of the IO port of the single-chip microcomputer is too small to drive the motor to run, so we need to add another driver board, generally using ULN2003 Darlington chip. 

ULN2003 is a high-current drive array, mostly used in single-chip microcomputers, intelligent meters, PLCs, digital output cards and other control circuits. Loads such as relays can be driven directly.

Answer 5

There are five common driving methods and principles of stepper motor drivers:

1. Constant voltage driving mode

This old driving method is now used less, one direction voltage power supply, multiple windings alternate power supply, the good point is simple, control, circuits are relatively simple, the bad thing is slow, the motor is easy to heat, produce vibration.

2. High and low voltage drive driving mode

This is an improvement of the constant voltage drive mode, the main principle is that the stepper motor is controlled with high voltage in the whole step, and the low voltage control is used for half a step or stop. Compared with the constant voltage drive, the control has been greatly improved, and there is a subdivision control idea; However, the circuit is more complicated, and the motor is still easy to heat and vibrate, which is also a relatively rare way.

3. Self-excited constant current chopper drive

The main way is to reach a certain current, through the hardware to control the shutdown, switch to another winding energized, and then reach a certain current value, and then control the shutdown, repeatedly, so that the stepper motor turns. This method is definitely better than the first two, the noise is reduced, the speed is improved, but the circuit requirements are higher, easy to generate high frequency, and the component requirements are higher.

4. Current comparison chopper drive

At present, this method is used more, the main principle is to convert the winding current into a certain proportion of voltage, compare with the output value of the converter, and control the current by controlling the switch through the comparison results. At present, it is more popular, the speed is easy to control, and the noise is small; The bad thing is that the circuit is more complex, and there will be high frequencies and jitter.

5. Submersible drive

This is a completely new drive method, mainly to increase the drive and high-frequency protection in the current comparison chopper drive. Small calorific value, long life, good speed control; However, the price is more expensive, and the requirements for the drive are relatively high.