Answer: A. Object-oriented programming (OOP), B. Functional programming (FP), C. Imperative programming, and D. Declarative programming.
Answer analysis:
In the given options, examples of programming methods include those principles, paradigms, or strategies that describe how to write and organize code. Based on this definition, we can analyze each option:
A. Object-oriented programming (OOP): This is a programming paradigm that uses objects to design software. It contains features such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, and is a direct example of a programming method.
B. Functional programming (FP): This is also a programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of functions to build programs and avoids state changes and mutable data. It is another example of a programming method.
C. Imperative programming: This is one of the most common programming styles, which explicitly changes the state of the program through a series of commands. It is also an example of a programming method.
D. Declarative programming: Unlike imperative programming, declarative programming focuses on "what to do" rather than "how to do it." It describes the state or results that the program should achieve, rather than how to achieve these states or results. This is also an example of a programming method.
E. Agile development: This is actually a software development methodology that emphasizes rapid response to changes, continuous integration, team collaboration, and iterative development. It is not a direct programming method, but a methodology about how to organize and conduct the software development process.
F. Test-driven development (TDD): TDD is a software development process in which test cases are written first, and then the code that satisfies these test cases is written. It is more about the methodology of the software development process than a direct programming method.
G. Design pattern: Design patterns are general solutions to general design problems in a specific context. Although they are closely related to programming, design patterns themselves are not programming methods, but strategies or templates for solving specific design problems.
In summary, examples of programming methods include A. Object-oriented programming (OOP), B. Functional programming (FP), C. Imperative programming, and D. Declarative programming. These options all describe different ways or principles of how to write and organize code.