As a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, each part of the motor plays a vital role. The following is a detailed description of the functions of the main parts of the motor:
1. Stator
Function: The stator is the stationary part of the motor, mainly composed of the stator core and the stator winding. Its main function is to generate a rotating magnetic field. When the stator winding is passed through an alternating current, the change in current will cause a change in magnetic flux, thereby forming a rotating magnetic field around it. This rotating magnetic field is the basis for the operation of the motor, which causes the rotor to be affected by the rotating torque and start to rotate.
Composition: The stator core is a cylinder made of annular silicon steel sheets with slots uniformly punched on the inner circumferential surface, which is used to place the stator winding. The stator winding is a coil with the same number of turns made of a wire with an insulating sheath (such as enameled copper wire), and then divided into three groups and placed symmetrically in the axial slots of the stator core according to a certain rule.
2. Rotor
Function: The rotor is the rotating part of the motor, mainly composed of the rotor core, rotor winding and shaft. Its main function is to induce electromotive force and generate electromagnetic torque through current, thereby driving the equipment to do mechanical work. The speed and power of the rotor's rotation directly affect the operating efficiency and output power of the motor.
Structure: The rotor core is a cylindrical body made of silicon steel sheets with grooves punched on the outer circumferential surface, which is installed on the rotating shaft. The rotor winding is placed in the rotor core slot, and there are two main forms: squirrel cage type and winding type.
3. Frame
Function: The frame is the supporting component of the motor, usually made of cast iron or cast steel. Its main function is to fix and protect the stator core and winding, support and fix the motor bearings, and serve as the mechanical support of the motor as a whole. In addition, the heat generated by internal losses during the operation of the motor will also be dissipated into the surrounding air through the frame.
4. End cover
Function: The end cover is the outer shell component of the motor, which is mainly used to encapsulate the internal structural components of the motor, and at the same time plays a supporting and protective role.
It is usually made of cast iron, aluminum alloy and other materials, and the surface treatment method can be processed by various chemical or physical means to play a role in beautification, rust prevention, corrosion resistance, etc.
5. Fan
Function: The fan is an important part of the motor, and its main function is to dissipate heat. It is usually installed at one or both ends of the motor, and generates airflow through rotation to take away the heat inside the motor, ensuring that the motor will not be damaged by overheating during long-term operation.
6. Bearing
Function: The bearing is a key component connecting the stator and the rotor. Its main function is to support the large torque generated when the motor rotates and reduce the pressure and friction on the motor as a whole.
The selection and installation quality of the bearing directly affect the running stability and reliability of the motor.
In summary, the various parts of the motor cooperate and work together to realize the function of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
The functions of these parts are interrelated and indispensable, and together constitute the complex mechanical system of the motor.