The role of photoelectric pulse encoder in CNC machine tools is mainly the following aspects:
1. Realize position detection: the photoelectric pulse encoder can convert the mechanical rotation angle into an electrical pulse signal, and calculate the number of pulses through the counter, so as to realize the position detection of the machine tool coordinate axis. This helps the numerical control system achieve precise positioning control and error compensation.
2. Provide feedback control: the photoelectric pulse encoder can feedback the real-time position of the machine tool coordinate axis to the numerical control system, so as to realize feedback control. According to the feedback signal provided by the encoder, the numerical control system adjusts the motion of the coordinate axis in real time to ensure the accuracy and stability during processing.
3. Judge the direction of rotation: the photoelectric pulse encoder can provide two pulse signals with a phase difference of 90°, which are used to judge the rotation direction of the coordinate axis of the machine tool. By detecting the sequence of these two pulses, the numerical control system can determine whether the machine tool coordinate axis is forward or reverse motion.
4. Support automatic addressing and zero return function: The photoelectric pulse encoder can help CNC machine tools realize automatic addressing and zero return function. During the automatic addressing process, the encoder can move the machine coordinate axis to the specified position and inform the CNC system by feedback signals. In the zero-back operation, the encoder can help the CNC system to accurately return to the mechanical origin and avoid the accumulation of errors.
In short, photoelectric pulse encoders play an important role in CNC machine tools, which can improve the positioning accuracy, feedback control effect and automation level of machine tools.