Analysis of the composition and working principle of stepper motor:
Composition: Stepper motor, also called stepper, uses the principle of electromagnetism to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, which is driven by a coil wound on the stator cogging of the motor.
The structure of the stepper motor is generally composed of front and rear end covers, bearings, central shafts, rotor cores, stator cores, stator components, corrugated washers, screws and other parts.
Working principle: Stepper motor controls the rotor position according to the winding current.
The external control pulse and direction signal through its internal logic circuit, control the winding of the stepper motor to a certain timing forward or reverse energization, so that the motor forward/reverse rotation, or lock.
There are control windings on the six magnetic poles of the stator, and two opposing magnetic poles form a phase. The running beats of the stepper motor include single four beats, single eight beats, double four beats, double eight beats, etc.
The rotor and stator frame of permanent magnet stepper motors are made of silicon steel sheets with high permeability. There are 4 stator teeth on the stator frame, and after winding it around two sets of coils and energizing, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the coil becomes an electromagnet.
According to the right-hand rule, one end will become the N pole and the other end will become the S pole, and this change in polarity can be achieved by changing the positive and negative poles of the power supply. If the positive and negative poles of the power supply are converted with a certain regularity, the stator part will form a rotating magnetic field, so that the rotor will rotate with the rotating magnetic field.
The rotation of the rotor has a very important parameter, that is: step angle. The step angle is the angle at which the rotor of a pulse signal turns, and its calculation formula is: 360 degrees divided by the number of bracket rotor teeth multiplied by the number of running beats (the number of permanent magnet teeth can be considered as 1). The step angle of this stepper motor is 90 degrees.